Discrimination and Labor Issues Category;

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Discrimination and Labor Issues Articles;

Comparable Worth

Should a truck driver earn more than a telephone operator, or an engineer more than a librarian? Questions like these are largely resolved in the labor market by the forces of supply and demand.

Conscription

Most nations, including the United States, have used military drafts at various times in their histories. Regardless of one's views on military or defense policy, a draft has many economic aspects that are inherently unfair (and inefficient) and repugnant to most economists.

Discrimination

Because government penalties against discrimination by business make headlines and market penalties do not, the popular wisdom holds that only government stands between individuals and unfair discrimination by business.

Human Capital

To most people capital means a bank account, a hundred shares of IBM stock, assembly lines, or steel plants in the Chicago area. These are all forms of capital in the sense that they are assets that yield income and other useful outputs over long periods of time.

Immigration

Immigration is again a major component of demographic change in the United States. Since 1940 the number of legal immigrants has increased at a rate of 1 million per decade. By the eighties about 600,000 legal immigrants were being admitted each year, making for a rate of about 6 million per decade (see table 1). Large numbers of illegal aliens also enter the country. In 1986, for instance, the Border Patrol apprehended 1.8 million persons attempting to enter illegally, or more than three people per minute.

Job Safety

Many people believe that employers do not care whether their workplace conditions are safe. If the government were not regulating job safety, they contend, workplaces would be unsafe.

Labor Unions

For more than a century now, labor unions have been celebrated in folk songs and popular myth as fearless champions of the downtrodden working man, while "the bosses" are depicted as coldhearted exploiters of employees.

Minimum Wages

Minimum wage laws set legal minimums for the hourly wages paid to certain groups of workers. I

Wages and Working Conditions

CEOs of multinational corporations, exotic dancers, and children with lemonade stands have at least one thing in common. They all expect a return for their effort. Most workers get that return in a subtle and ever-changing combination of money wages and working conditions. This article describes how they changed for the typical U.S. worker during the twentieth century.

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